This causes Dual Core to lock up during the boot sequence, because it tries to wait for a not-yet-running GPU thread.

Fixes https://bugs.dolphin-emu.org/issues/13559

Clean up Core::GetState

Some pieces of code are calling IsRunning because there's some
particular action that only makes sense when emulation is running, for
instance showing the state of the emulated CPU. IsRunning is appropriate
to use for this. Then there are pieces of code that are calling
IsRunning because there's some particular thing they must avoid doing
e.g. when the CPU thread is running or IOS is running. IsRunning isn't
quite appropriate for this. Such code should also be checking for the
states Starting and Stopping. Keep in mind that:

* When the state is Starting, the state can asynchronously change to
  Running at any time.
* When we try to stop the core, the state gets set to Stopping before we
  take any action to actually stop things.

This commit adds a new method Core::IsUninitialized, and changes all
callers of IsRunning and GetState that look to me like they should be
changed.

Core::GetState reads from four different pieces of state: s_is_stopping,
s_hardware_initialized, s_is_booting, and CPUManager::IsStepping.
I'm keeping that last one as is for now because there's code in Dolphin
that sets it directly, but we can unify the other three to make things
easier to reason about.

This commit also gets rid of s_is_started. This was previously used in
Core::IsRunningAndStarted to ensure true wouldn't be returned until the
CPU thread was started, but it wasn't used in Core::GetState, so
Core::GetState would happily return State::Running after we had
initialized the hardware but before we had initialized the CPU thread.
As far as I know, there are no callers that have any real need to know
whether the boot process is currently initializing the hardware or the
CPU thread. Perhaps once upon a time there was a desire to make the
apploader debuggable, but a long time has passed without anyone stepping
up to implement it, and the way CBoot::RunApploader is implemented makes
it rather difficult. So this commit makes all the functions in Core.cpp
consider the core to still be starting until the CPU thread is started.

CMake dependency fixes

Hide Challenge Icons when OSD Messages Disabled

Messages with an icon and no text (such as in the game start sequence) had an oversized margin due to ImGui adding padding for an empty string.

OSD messages with an icon and text will display the text to the right of the icon instead of below it.