[Vulkan] Robustify error handling during initialization

13 files changed, 338 insertions, 135 deletions

diff --git a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/buffer_cache.cc b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/buffer_cache.cc
index eaf3324bd..663fe378f 100644
--- a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/buffer_cache.cc
+++ b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/buffer_cache.cc
@@ -27,19 +27,24 @@ constexpr VkDeviceSize kConstantRegisterUniformRange =
 
 BufferCache::BufferCache(RegisterFile* register_file, Memory* memory,
                          ui::vulkan::VulkanDevice* device, size_t capacity)
-    : register_file_(register_file), memory_(memory), device_(*device) {
+    : register_file_(register_file), memory_(memory), device_(device) {
   transient_buffer_ = std::make_unique<ui::vulkan::CircularBuffer>(
-      device,
+      device_,
       VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT |
           VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
       capacity);
+}
+
+BufferCache::~BufferCache() { Shutdown(); }
 
+VkResult BufferCache::Initialize() {
   VkMemoryRequirements pool_reqs;
   transient_buffer_->GetBufferMemoryRequirements(&pool_reqs);
-  gpu_memory_pool_ = device->AllocateMemory(pool_reqs);
+  gpu_memory_pool_ = device_->AllocateMemory(pool_reqs);
 
-  if (!transient_buffer_->Initialize(gpu_memory_pool_, 0)) {
-    assert_always();
+  VkResult status = transient_buffer_->Initialize(gpu_memory_pool_, 0);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
   }
 
   // Descriptor pool used for all of our cached descriptors.
@@ -56,9 +61,11 @@ BufferCache::BufferCache(RegisterFile* register_file, Memory* memory,
   pool_sizes[0].descriptorCount = 2;
   descriptor_pool_info.poolSizeCount = 1;
   descriptor_pool_info.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes;
-  auto err = vkCreateDescriptorPool(device_, &descriptor_pool_info, nullptr,
-                                    &descriptor_pool_);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkCreateDescriptorPool");
+  status = vkCreateDescriptorPool(*device_, &descriptor_pool_info, nullptr,
+                                  &descriptor_pool_);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   // Create the descriptor set layout used for our uniform buffer.
   // As it is a static binding that uses dynamic offsets during draws we can
@@ -83,14 +90,17 @@ BufferCache::BufferCache(RegisterFile* register_file, Memory* memory,
   descriptor_set_layout_info.pNext = nullptr;
   descriptor_set_layout_info.flags = 0;
   VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding uniform_bindings[] = {
-      vertex_uniform_binding, fragment_uniform_binding,
+      vertex_uniform_binding,
+      fragment_uniform_binding,
   };
   descriptor_set_layout_info.bindingCount =
       static_cast<uint32_t>(xe::countof(uniform_bindings));
   descriptor_set_layout_info.pBindings = uniform_bindings;
-  err = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device_, &descriptor_set_layout_info,
-                                    nullptr, &descriptor_set_layout_);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout");
+  status = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(*device_, &descriptor_set_layout_info,
+                                       nullptr, &descriptor_set_layout_);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   // Create the descriptor we'll use for the uniform buffer.
   // This is what we hand out to everyone (who then also needs to use our
@@ -101,9 +111,11 @@ BufferCache::BufferCache(RegisterFile* register_file, Memory* memory,
   set_alloc_info.descriptorPool = descriptor_pool_;
   set_alloc_info.descriptorSetCount = 1;
   set_alloc_info.pSetLayouts = &descriptor_set_layout_;
-  err = vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device_, &set_alloc_info,
-                                 &transient_descriptor_set_);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkAllocateDescriptorSets");
+  status = vkAllocateDescriptorSets(*device_, &set_alloc_info,
+                                    &transient_descriptor_set_);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   // Initialize descriptor set with our buffers.
   VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer_info;
@@ -132,18 +144,33 @@ BufferCache::BufferCache(RegisterFile* register_file, Memory* memory,
   fragment_uniform_binding_write.descriptorType =
       VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC;
   fragment_uniform_binding_write.pBufferInfo = &buffer_info;
-  vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device_, 2, descriptor_writes, 0, nullptr);
+  vkUpdateDescriptorSets(*device_, 2, descriptor_writes, 0, nullptr);
+
+  return VK_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-BufferCache::~BufferCache() {
-  vkFreeDescriptorSets(device_, descriptor_pool_, 1,
-                       &transient_descriptor_set_);
-  vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device_, descriptor_set_layout_, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device_, descriptor_pool_, nullptr);
+void BufferCache::Shutdown() {
+  if (transient_descriptor_set_) {
+    vkFreeDescriptorSets(*device_, descriptor_pool_, 1,
+                         &transient_descriptor_set_);
+    transient_descriptor_set_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_set_layout_) {
+    vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(*device_, descriptor_set_layout_, nullptr);
+    descriptor_set_layout_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_pool_) {
+    vkDestroyDescriptorPool(*device_, descriptor_pool_, nullptr);
+    descriptor_pool_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
   transient_buffer_->Shutdown();
 
   if (gpu_memory_pool_) {
-    vkFreeMemory(device_, gpu_memory_pool_, nullptr);
+    vkFreeMemory(*device_, gpu_memory_pool_, nullptr);
+    gpu_memory_pool_ = nullptr;
   }
 }
 
@@ -416,7 +443,7 @@ void BufferCache::Flush(VkCommandBuffer command_buffer) {
   dirty_range.memory = transient_buffer_->gpu_memory();
   dirty_range.offset = 0;
   dirty_range.size = transient_buffer_->capacity();
-  vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges(device_, 1, &dirty_range);
+  vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges(*device_, 1, &dirty_range);
 }
 
 void BufferCache::InvalidateCache() { transient_cache_.clear(); }
diff --git a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/buffer_cache.h b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/buffer_cache.h
index d8e2489de..ffaa8b8fd 100644
--- a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/buffer_cache.h
+++ b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/buffer_cache.h
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ class BufferCache {
               ui::vulkan::VulkanDevice* device, size_t capacity);
   ~BufferCache();
 
+  VkResult Initialize();
+  void Shutdown();
+
   // Descriptor set containing the dynamic uniform buffer used for constant
   // uploads. Used in conjunction with a dynamic offset returned by
   // UploadConstantRegisters.
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ class BufferCache {
 
   RegisterFile* register_file_ = nullptr;
   Memory* memory_ = nullptr;
-  VkDevice device_ = nullptr;
+  ui::vulkan::VulkanDevice* device_ = nullptr;
 
   VkDeviceMemory gpu_memory_pool_ = nullptr;
 
diff --git a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/pipeline_cache.cc b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/pipeline_cache.cc
index 4d5dc9c49..58d7bd844 100644
--- a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/pipeline_cache.cc
+++ b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/pipeline_cache.cc
@@ -33,11 +33,20 @@ using xe::ui::vulkan::CheckResult;
 #include "xenia/gpu/vulkan/shaders/bin/quad_list_geom.h"
 #include "xenia/gpu/vulkan/shaders/bin/rect_list_geom.h"
 
-PipelineCache::PipelineCache(
-    RegisterFile* register_file, ui::vulkan::VulkanDevice* device,
-    VkDescriptorSetLayout uniform_descriptor_set_layout,
-    VkDescriptorSetLayout texture_descriptor_set_layout)
+PipelineCache::PipelineCache(RegisterFile* register_file,
+                             ui::vulkan::VulkanDevice* device)
     : register_file_(register_file), device_(*device) {
+  // We can also use the GLSL translator with a Vulkan dialect.
+  shader_translator_.reset(new SpirvShaderTranslator());
+}
+
+PipelineCache::~PipelineCache() { Shutdown(); }
+
+VkResult PipelineCache::Initialize(
+    VkDescriptorSetLayout uniform_descriptor_set_layout,
+    VkDescriptorSetLayout texture_descriptor_set_layout) {
+  VkResult status;
+
   // Initialize the shared driver pipeline cache.
   // We'll likely want to serialize this and reuse it, if that proves to be
   // useful. If the shaders are expensive and this helps we could do it per
@@ -48,9 +57,11 @@ PipelineCache::PipelineCache(
   pipeline_cache_info.flags = 0;
   pipeline_cache_info.initialDataSize = 0;
   pipeline_cache_info.pInitialData = nullptr;
-  auto err = vkCreatePipelineCache(device_, &pipeline_cache_info, nullptr,
-                                   &pipeline_cache_);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkCreatePipelineCache");
+  status = vkCreatePipelineCache(device_, &pipeline_cache_info, nullptr,
+                                 &pipeline_cache_);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   // Descriptors used by the pipelines.
   // These are the only ones we can ever bind.
@@ -82,9 +93,11 @@ PipelineCache::PipelineCache(
   pipeline_layout_info.pushConstantRangeCount =
       static_cast<uint32_t>(xe::countof(push_constant_ranges));
   pipeline_layout_info.pPushConstantRanges = push_constant_ranges;
-  err = vkCreatePipelineLayout(*device, &pipeline_layout_info, nullptr,
-                               &pipeline_layout_);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkCreatePipelineLayout");
+  status = vkCreatePipelineLayout(device_, &pipeline_layout_info, nullptr,
+                                  &pipeline_layout_);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   // Initialize our shared geometry shaders.
   // These will be used as needed to emulate primitive types Vulkan doesn't
@@ -97,34 +110,48 @@ PipelineCache::PipelineCache(
       static_cast<uint32_t>(sizeof(line_quad_list_geom));
   shader_module_info.pCode =
       reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(line_quad_list_geom);
-  err = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &shader_module_info, nullptr,
-                             &geometry_shaders_.line_quad_list);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkCreateShaderModule");
+  status = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &shader_module_info, nullptr,
+                                &geometry_shaders_.line_quad_list);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
+
   shader_module_info.codeSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(sizeof(point_list_geom));
   shader_module_info.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(point_list_geom);
-  err = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &shader_module_info, nullptr,
-                             &geometry_shaders_.point_list);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkCreateShaderModule");
+  status = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &shader_module_info, nullptr,
+                                &geometry_shaders_.point_list);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
+
   shader_module_info.codeSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(sizeof(quad_list_geom));
   shader_module_info.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(quad_list_geom);
-  err = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &shader_module_info, nullptr,
-                             &geometry_shaders_.quad_list);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkCreateShaderModule");
+  status = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &shader_module_info, nullptr,
+                                &geometry_shaders_.quad_list);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
+
   shader_module_info.codeSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(sizeof(rect_list_geom));
   shader_module_info.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(rect_list_geom);
-  err = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &shader_module_info, nullptr,
-                             &geometry_shaders_.rect_list);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkCreateShaderModule");
+  status = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &shader_module_info, nullptr,
+                                &geometry_shaders_.rect_list);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
+
   shader_module_info.codeSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(sizeof(dummy_frag));
   shader_module_info.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(dummy_frag);
-  err = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &shader_module_info, nullptr,
-                             &dummy_pixel_shader_);
+  status = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &shader_module_info, nullptr,
+                                &dummy_pixel_shader_);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
-  // We can also use the GLSL translator with a Vulkan dialect.
-  shader_translator_.reset(new SpirvShaderTranslator());
+  return VK_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-PipelineCache::~PipelineCache() {
+void PipelineCache::Shutdown() {
   // Destroy all pipelines.
   for (auto it : cached_pipelines_) {
     vkDestroyPipeline(device_, it.second, nullptr);
@@ -132,14 +159,35 @@ PipelineCache::~PipelineCache() {
   cached_pipelines_.clear();
 
   // Destroy geometry shaders.
-  vkDestroyShaderModule(device_, geometry_shaders_.line_quad_list, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyShaderModule(device_, geometry_shaders_.point_list, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyShaderModule(device_, geometry_shaders_.quad_list, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyShaderModule(device_, geometry_shaders_.rect_list, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyShaderModule(device_, dummy_pixel_shader_, nullptr);
+  if (geometry_shaders_.line_quad_list) {
+    vkDestroyShaderModule(device_, geometry_shaders_.line_quad_list, nullptr);
+    geometry_shaders_.line_quad_list = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (geometry_shaders_.point_list) {
+    vkDestroyShaderModule(device_, geometry_shaders_.point_list, nullptr);
+    geometry_shaders_.point_list = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (geometry_shaders_.quad_list) {
+    vkDestroyShaderModule(device_, geometry_shaders_.quad_list, nullptr);
+    geometry_shaders_.quad_list = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (geometry_shaders_.rect_list) {
+    vkDestroyShaderModule(device_, geometry_shaders_.rect_list, nullptr);
+    geometry_shaders_.rect_list = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (dummy_pixel_shader_) {
+    vkDestroyShaderModule(device_, dummy_pixel_shader_, nullptr);
+    dummy_pixel_shader_ = nullptr;
+  }
 
-  vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device_, pipeline_layout_, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyPipelineCache(device_, pipeline_cache_, nullptr);
+  if (pipeline_layout_) {
+    vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device_, pipeline_layout_, nullptr);
+    pipeline_layout_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (pipeline_cache_) {
+    vkDestroyPipelineCache(device_, pipeline_cache_, nullptr);
+    pipeline_cache_ = nullptr;
+  }
 
   // Destroy all shaders.
   for (auto it : shader_map_) {
@@ -334,20 +382,20 @@ void PipelineCache::DumpShaderDisasmNV(
   pipeline_cache_info.flags = 0;
   pipeline_cache_info.initialDataSize = 0;
   pipeline_cache_info.pInitialData = nullptr;
-  auto err = vkCreatePipelineCache(device_, &pipeline_cache_info, nullptr,
-                                   &dummy_pipeline_cache);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkCreatePipelineCache");
+  auto status = vkCreatePipelineCache(device_, &pipeline_cache_info, nullptr,
+                                      &dummy_pipeline_cache);
+  CheckResult(status, "vkCreatePipelineCache");
 
   // Create a pipeline on the dummy cache and dump it.
   VkPipeline dummy_pipeline;
-  err = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device_, dummy_pipeline_cache, 1,
-                                  &pipeline_info, nullptr, &dummy_pipeline);
+  status = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device_, dummy_pipeline_cache, 1,
+                                     &pipeline_info, nullptr, &dummy_pipeline);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> pipeline_data;
   size_t data_size = 0;
-  err = vkGetPipelineCacheData(device_, dummy_pipeline_cache, &data_size,
-                               nullptr);
-  if (err == VK_SUCCESS) {
+  status = vkGetPipelineCacheData(device_, dummy_pipeline_cache, &data_size,
+                                  nullptr);
+  if (status == VK_SUCCESS) {
     pipeline_data.resize(data_size);
     vkGetPipelineCacheData(device_, dummy_pipeline_cache, &data_size,
                            pipeline_data.data());
diff --git a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/pipeline_cache.h b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/pipeline_cache.h
index 5b14f03ce..b3fbcdcc0 100644
--- a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/pipeline_cache.h
+++ b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/pipeline_cache.h
@@ -39,11 +39,13 @@ class PipelineCache {
     kError,
   };
 
-  PipelineCache(RegisterFile* register_file, ui::vulkan::VulkanDevice* device,
-                VkDescriptorSetLayout uniform_descriptor_set_layout,
-                VkDescriptorSetLayout texture_descriptor_set_layout);
+  PipelineCache(RegisterFile* register_file, ui::vulkan::VulkanDevice* device);
   ~PipelineCache();
 
+  VkResult Initialize(VkDescriptorSetLayout uniform_descriptor_set_layout,
+                      VkDescriptorSetLayout texture_descriptor_set_layout);
+  void Shutdown();
+
   // Loads a shader from the cache, possibly translating it.
   VulkanShader* LoadShader(ShaderType shader_type, uint32_t guest_address,
                            const uint32_t* host_address, uint32_t dword_count);
diff --git a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/render_cache.cc b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/render_cache.cc
index 19879fa53..b5ae200dc 100644
--- a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/render_cache.cc
+++ b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/render_cache.cc
@@ -510,7 +510,11 @@ bool CachedRenderPass::IsCompatible(
 
 RenderCache::RenderCache(RegisterFile* register_file,
                          ui::vulkan::VulkanDevice* device)
-    : register_file_(register_file), device_(device) {
+    : register_file_(register_file), device_(device) {}
+
+RenderCache::~RenderCache() { Shutdown(); }
+
+VkResult RenderCache::Initialize() {
   VkResult status = VK_SUCCESS;
 
   // Create the buffer we'll bind to our memory.
@@ -524,8 +528,11 @@ RenderCache::RenderCache(RegisterFile* register_file,
   buffer_info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
   buffer_info.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
   buffer_info.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr;
-  status = vkCreateBuffer(*device, &buffer_info, nullptr, &edram_buffer_);
+  status = vkCreateBuffer(*device_, &buffer_info, nullptr, &edram_buffer_);
   CheckResult(status, "vkCreateBuffer");
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   // Query requirements for the buffer.
   // It should be 1:1.
@@ -535,19 +542,24 @@ RenderCache::RenderCache(RegisterFile* register_file,
 
   // Allocate EDRAM memory.
   // TODO(benvanik): do we need it host visible?
-  edram_memory_ = device->AllocateMemory(buffer_requirements);
+  edram_memory_ = device_->AllocateMemory(buffer_requirements);
   assert_not_null(edram_memory_);
+  if (!edram_memory_) {
+    return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
+  }
 
   // Bind buffer to map our entire memory.
   status = vkBindBufferMemory(*device_, edram_buffer_, edram_memory_, 0);
   CheckResult(status, "vkBindBufferMemory");
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   if (status == VK_SUCCESS) {
     // For debugging, upload a grid into the EDRAM buffer.
     uint32_t* gpu_data = nullptr;
     status = vkMapMemory(*device_, edram_memory_, 0, buffer_requirements.size,
                          0, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&gpu_data));
-    CheckResult(status, "vkMapMemory");
 
     if (status == VK_SUCCESS) {
       for (int i = 0; i < kEdramBufferCapacity / 4; i++) {
@@ -557,9 +569,11 @@ RenderCache::RenderCache(RegisterFile* register_file,
       vkUnmapMemory(*device_, edram_memory_);
     }
   }
+
+  return VK_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-RenderCache::~RenderCache() {
+void RenderCache::Shutdown() {
   // TODO(benvanik): wait for idle.
 
   // Dispose all render passes (and their framebuffers).
@@ -575,8 +589,14 @@ RenderCache::~RenderCache() {
   cached_tile_views_.clear();
 
   // Release underlying EDRAM memory.
-  vkDestroyBuffer(*device_, edram_buffer_, nullptr);
-  vkFreeMemory(*device_, edram_memory_, nullptr);
+  if (edram_buffer_) {
+    vkDestroyBuffer(*device_, edram_buffer_, nullptr);
+    edram_buffer_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (edram_memory_) {
+    vkFreeMemory(*device_, edram_memory_, nullptr);
+    edram_memory_ = nullptr;
+  }
 }
 
 bool RenderCache::dirty() const {
diff --git a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/render_cache.h b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/render_cache.h
index e6074a119..6872bca9d 100644
--- a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/render_cache.h
+++ b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/render_cache.h
@@ -276,6 +276,9 @@ class RenderCache {
   RenderCache(RegisterFile* register_file, ui::vulkan::VulkanDevice* device);
   ~RenderCache();
 
+  VkResult Initialize();
+  void Shutdown();
+
   // Call this to determine if you should start a new render pass or continue
   // with an already open pass.
   bool dirty() const;
diff --git a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/texture_cache.cc b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/texture_cache.cc
index 056623abf..464a3ac14 100644
--- a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/texture_cache.cc
+++ b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/texture_cache.cc
@@ -128,8 +128,12 @@ TextureCache::TextureCache(Memory* memory, RegisterFile* register_file,
       staging_buffer_(device, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT,
                       kStagingBufferSize),
       wb_staging_buffer_(device, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
-                         kStagingBufferSize) {
-  VkResult err = VK_SUCCESS;
+                         kStagingBufferSize) {}
+
+TextureCache::~TextureCache() { Shutdown(); }
+
+VkResult TextureCache::Initialize() {
+  VkResult status = VK_SUCCESS;
 
   // Descriptor pool used for all of our cached descriptors.
   VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[1];
@@ -176,33 +180,43 @@ TextureCache::TextureCache(Memory* memory, RegisterFile* register_file,
   descriptor_set_layout_info.bindingCount =
       static_cast<uint32_t>(xe::countof(bindings));
   descriptor_set_layout_info.pBindings = bindings;
-  err = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(*device_, &descriptor_set_layout_info,
-                                    nullptr, &texture_descriptor_set_layout_);
-  CheckResult(err, "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout");
+  status =
+      vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(*device_, &descriptor_set_layout_info,
+                                  nullptr, &texture_descriptor_set_layout_);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
-  if (!staging_buffer_.Initialize()) {
-    assert_always();
+  status = staging_buffer_.Initialize();
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
   }
 
-  if (!wb_staging_buffer_.Initialize()) {
-    assert_always();
+  status = wb_staging_buffer_.Initialize();
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
   }
 
   // Create a memory allocator for textures.
   VmaAllocatorCreateInfo alloc_info = {
       0, *device_, *device_, 0, 0, nullptr, nullptr,
   };
-  err = vmaCreateAllocator(&alloc_info, &mem_allocator_);
-  CheckResult(err, "vmaCreateAllocator");
+  status = vmaCreateAllocator(&alloc_info, &mem_allocator_);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(*device_, texture_descriptor_set_layout_,
+                                 nullptr);
+    return status;
+  }
 
   invalidated_textures_sets_[0].reserve(64);
   invalidated_textures_sets_[1].reserve(64);
   invalidated_textures_ = &invalidated_textures_sets_[0];
 
   device_queue_ = device_->AcquireQueue();
+  return VK_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-TextureCache::~TextureCache() {
+void TextureCache::Shutdown() {
   if (device_queue_) {
     device_->ReleaseQueue(device_queue_);
   }
@@ -211,7 +225,10 @@ TextureCache::~TextureCache() {
   ClearCache();
   Scavenge();
 
-  vmaDestroyAllocator(mem_allocator_);
+  if (mem_allocator_ != nullptr) {
+    vmaDestroyAllocator(mem_allocator_);
+    mem_allocator_ = nullptr;
+  }
   vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(*device_, texture_descriptor_set_layout_,
                                nullptr);
 }
diff --git a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/texture_cache.h b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/texture_cache.h
index 642b2fc66..483b88bd2 100644
--- a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/texture_cache.h
+++ b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/texture_cache.h
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ class TextureCache {
                TraceWriter* trace_writer, ui::vulkan::VulkanDevice* device);
   ~TextureCache();
 
+  VkResult Initialize();
+  void Shutdown();
+
   // Descriptor set layout containing all possible texture bindings.
   // The set contains one descriptor for each texture sampler [0-31].
   VkDescriptorSetLayout texture_descriptor_set_layout() const {
diff --git a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/vulkan_command_processor.cc b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/vulkan_command_processor.cc
index 1e50a8ab9..fd7852f15 100644
--- a/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/vulkan_command_processor.cc
+++ b/src/xenia/gpu/vulkan/vulkan_command_processor.cc
@@ -69,10 +69,14 @@ bool VulkanCommandProcessor::SetupContext() {
     queue_mutex_ = &device_->primary_queue_mutex();
   }
 
+  VkResult status = VK_SUCCESS;
+
   // Setup a blitter.
   blitter_ = std::make_unique<ui::vulkan::Blitter>();
-  if (!blitter_->Initialize(device_)) {
+  status = blitter_->Initialize(device_);
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
     XELOGE("Unable to initialize blitter");
+    blitter_->Shutdown();
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -83,21 +87,47 @@ bool VulkanCommandProcessor::SetupContext() {
   // Initialize the state machine caches.
   buffer_cache_ = std::make_unique<BufferCache>(
       register_file_, memory_, device_, kDefaultBufferCacheCapacity);
+  status = buffer_cache_->Initialize();
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    XELOGE("Unable to initialize buffer cache");
+    buffer_cache_->Shutdown();
+    return false;
+  }
+
   texture_cache_ = std::make_unique<TextureCache>(memory_, register_file_,
                                                   &trace_writer_, device_);
-  pipeline_cache_ = std::make_unique<PipelineCache>(
-      register_file_, device_, buffer_cache_->constant_descriptor_set_layout(),
+  status = texture_cache_->Initialize();
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    XELOGE("Unable to initialize texture cache");
+    texture_cache_->Shutdown();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  pipeline_cache_ = std::make_unique<PipelineCache>(register_file_, device_);
+  status = pipeline_cache_->Initialize(
+      buffer_cache_->constant_descriptor_set_layout(),
       texture_cache_->texture_descriptor_set_layout());
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    XELOGE("Unable to initialize pipeline cache");
+    pipeline_cache_->Shutdown();
+    return false;
+  }
+
   render_cache_ = std::make_unique<RenderCache>(register_file_, device_);
+  status = render_cache_->Initialize();
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    XELOGE("Unable to initialize render cache");
+    render_cache_->Shutdown();
+    return false;
+  }
 
   VkEventCreateInfo info = {
       VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EVENT_CREATE_INFO, nullptr, 0,
   };
 
-  VkResult result =
-      vkCreateEvent(*device_, &info, nullptr,
-                    reinterpret_cast<VkEvent*>(&swap_state_.backend_data));
-  if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+  status = vkCreateEvent(*device_, &info, nullptr,
+                         reinterpret_cast<VkEvent*>(&swap_state_.backend_data));
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
     return false;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/blitter.cc b/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/blitter.cc
index 587c4aa46..5e838313e 100644
--- a/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/blitter.cc
+++ b/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/blitter.cc
@@ -23,30 +23,41 @@ namespace vulkan {
 Blitter::Blitter() {}
 Blitter::~Blitter() { Shutdown(); }
 
-bool Blitter::Initialize(VulkanDevice* device) {
+VkResult Blitter::Initialize(VulkanDevice* device) {
   device_ = device;
 
+  VkResult status = VK_SUCCESS;
+
   // Shaders
   VkShaderModuleCreateInfo shader_create_info;
   std::memset(&shader_create_info, 0, sizeof(shader_create_info));
   shader_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
   shader_create_info.codeSize = sizeof(blit_vert);
   shader_create_info.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(blit_vert);
-  auto result = vkCreateShaderModule(*device_, &shader_create_info, nullptr,
-                                     &blit_vertex_);
-  CheckResult(result, "vkCreateShaderModule");
+  status = vkCreateShaderModule(*device_, &shader_create_info, nullptr,
+                                &blit_vertex_);
+  CheckResult(status, "vkCreateShaderModule");
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   shader_create_info.codeSize = sizeof(blit_color_frag);
   shader_create_info.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(blit_color_frag);
-  result = vkCreateShaderModule(*device_, &shader_create_info, nullptr,
+  status = vkCreateShaderModule(*device_, &shader_create_info, nullptr,
                                 &blit_color_);
-  CheckResult(result, "vkCreateShaderModule");
+  CheckResult(status, "vkCreateShaderModule");
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   shader_create_info.codeSize = sizeof(blit_depth_frag);
   shader_create_info.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(blit_depth_frag);
-  result = vkCreateShaderModule(*device_, &shader_create_info, nullptr,
+  status = vkCreateShaderModule(*device_, &shader_create_info, nullptr,
                                 &blit_depth_);
-  CheckResult(result, "vkCreateShaderModule");
+  CheckResult(status, "vkCreateShaderModule");
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   // Create the descriptor set layout used for our texture sampler.
   // As it changes almost every draw we cache it per texture.
@@ -63,9 +74,12 @@ bool Blitter::Initialize(VulkanDevice* device) {
   texture_binding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
   texture_binding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
   texture_set_layout_info.pBindings = &texture_binding;
-  result = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(*device_, &texture_set_layout_info,
+  status = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(*device_, &texture_set_layout_info,
                                        nullptr, &descriptor_set_layout_);
-  CheckResult(result, "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout");
+  CheckResult(status, "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout");
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   // Create a descriptor pool
   VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[1];
@@ -99,9 +113,12 @@ bool Blitter::Initialize(VulkanDevice* device) {
   pipeline_layout_info.pushConstantRangeCount =
       static_cast<uint32_t>(xe::countof(push_constant_ranges));
   pipeline_layout_info.pPushConstantRanges = push_constant_ranges;
-  result = vkCreatePipelineLayout(*device_, &pipeline_layout_info, nullptr,
+  status = vkCreatePipelineLayout(*device_, &pipeline_layout_info, nullptr,
                                   &pipeline_layout_);
-  CheckResult(result, "vkCreatePipelineLayout");
+  CheckResult(status, "vkCreatePipelineLayout");
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   // Create two samplers.
   VkSamplerCreateInfo sampler_create_info = {
@@ -124,31 +141,63 @@ bool Blitter::Initialize(VulkanDevice* device) {
       VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK,
       VK_FALSE,
   };
-  result =
+  status =
       vkCreateSampler(*device_, &sampler_create_info, nullptr, &samp_nearest_);
-  CheckResult(result, "vkCreateSampler");
+  CheckResult(status, "vkCreateSampler");
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
   sampler_create_info.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
   sampler_create_info.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
   sampler_create_info.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
-  result =
+  status =
       vkCreateSampler(*device_, &sampler_create_info, nullptr, &samp_linear_);
-  CheckResult(result, "vkCreateSampler");
+  CheckResult(status, "vkCreateSampler");
+  if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
 
-  return true;
+  return VK_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void Blitter::Shutdown() {
-  vkDestroySampler(*device_, samp_nearest_, nullptr);
-  vkDestroySampler(*device_, samp_linear_, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyShaderModule(*device_, blit_vertex_, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyShaderModule(*device_, blit_color_, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyShaderModule(*device_, blit_depth_, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyPipeline(*device_, pipeline_color_, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyPipeline(*device_, pipeline_depth_, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyPipelineLayout(*device_, pipeline_layout_, nullptr);
-  vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(*device_, descriptor_set_layout_, nullptr);
-
+  if (samp_nearest_) {
+    vkDestroySampler(*device_, samp_nearest_, nullptr);
+    samp_nearest_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (samp_linear_) {
+    vkDestroySampler(*device_, samp_linear_, nullptr);
+    samp_linear_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (blit_vertex_) {
+    vkDestroyShaderModule(*device_, blit_vertex_, nullptr);
+    blit_vertex_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (blit_color_) {
+    vkDestroyShaderModule(*device_, blit_color_, nullptr);
+    blit_color_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (blit_depth_) {
+    vkDestroyShaderModule(*device_, blit_depth_, nullptr);
+    blit_depth_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (pipeline_color_) {
+    vkDestroyPipeline(*device_, pipeline_color_, nullptr);
+    pipeline_color_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (pipeline_depth_) {
+    vkDestroyPipeline(*device_, pipeline_depth_, nullptr);
+    pipeline_depth_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (pipeline_layout_) {
+    vkDestroyPipelineLayout(*device_, pipeline_layout_, nullptr);
+    pipeline_layout_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (descriptor_set_layout_) {
+    vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(*device_, descriptor_set_layout_, nullptr);
+    descriptor_set_layout_ = nullptr;
+  }
   for (auto& pipeline : pipelines_) {
     vkDestroyPipeline(*device_, pipeline.second, nullptr);
   }
diff --git a/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/blitter.h b/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/blitter.h
index 1ec48fd4f..78cf1366a 100644
--- a/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/blitter.h
+++ b/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/blitter.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Blitter {
   Blitter();
   ~Blitter();
 
-  bool Initialize(VulkanDevice* device);
+  VkResult Initialize(VulkanDevice* device);
   void Scavenge();
   void Shutdown();
 
diff --git a/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/circular_buffer.cc b/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/circular_buffer.cc
index 7b9b4bae2..0347413cc 100644
--- a/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/circular_buffer.cc
+++ b/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/circular_buffer.cc
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ CircularBuffer::CircularBuffer(VulkanDevice* device, VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
 }
 CircularBuffer::~CircularBuffer() { Shutdown(); }
 
-bool CircularBuffer::Initialize(VkDeviceMemory memory, VkDeviceSize offset) {
+VkResult CircularBuffer::Initialize(VkDeviceMemory memory,
+                                    VkDeviceSize offset) {
   assert_true(offset % alignment_ == 0);
   gpu_memory_ = memory;
   gpu_base_ = offset;
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ bool CircularBuffer::Initialize(VkDeviceMemory memory, VkDeviceSize offset) {
   if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
     XELOGE("CircularBuffer::Initialize - Failed to bind memory!");
     Shutdown();
-    return false;
+    return status;
   }
 
   // Map the memory so we can access it.
@@ -69,13 +70,13 @@ bool CircularBuffer::Initialize(VkDeviceMemory memory, VkDeviceSize offset) {
   if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
     XELOGE("CircularBuffer::Initialize - Failed to map memory!");
     Shutdown();
-    return false;
+    return status;
   }
 
-  return true;
+  return VK_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-bool CircularBuffer::Initialize() {
+VkResult CircularBuffer::Initialize() {
   VkResult status = VK_SUCCESS;
 
   VkMemoryRequirements reqs;
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ bool CircularBuffer::Initialize() {
   if (!gpu_memory_) {
     XELOGE("CircularBuffer::Initialize - Failed to allocate memory!");
     Shutdown();
-    return false;
+    return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
   }
 
   capacity_ = reqs.size;
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ bool CircularBuffer::Initialize() {
   if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
     XELOGE("CircularBuffer::Initialize - Failed to bind memory!");
     Shutdown();
-    return false;
+    return status;
   }
 
   // Map the memory so we can access it.
@@ -109,10 +110,10 @@ bool CircularBuffer::Initialize() {
   if (status != VK_SUCCESS) {
     XELOGE("CircularBuffer::Initialize - Failed to map memory!");
     Shutdown();
-    return false;
+    return status;
   }
 
-  return true;
+  return VK_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void CircularBuffer::Shutdown() {
diff --git a/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/circular_buffer.h b/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/circular_buffer.h
index d7504f5e8..6940b2532 100644
--- a/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/circular_buffer.h
+++ b/src/xenia/ui/vulkan/circular_buffer.h
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ class CircularBuffer {
     VkFence fence;
   };
 
-  bool Initialize(VkDeviceMemory memory, VkDeviceSize offset);
-  bool Initialize();
+  VkResult Initialize(VkDeviceMemory memory, VkDeviceSize offset);
+  VkResult Initialize();
   void Shutdown();
 
   void GetBufferMemoryRequirements(VkMemoryRequirements* reqs);