IOS/ES: Emulate /sys/launch.sys for more accurate timings

Also gets rid of one static variable

5 files changed, 143 insertions, 20 deletions

diff --git a/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/ES.cpp b/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/ES.cpp
index 2f2b9f0c23..2953adbc1d 100644
--- a/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/ES.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/ES.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "Core/HW/Memmap.h"
 #include "Core/IOS/ES/Formats.h"
 #include "Core/IOS/FS/FileSystem.h"
+#include "Core/IOS/FS/FileSystemProxy.h"
 #include "Core/IOS/IOSC.h"
 #include "Core/IOS/Uids.h"
 #include "Core/IOS/VersionInfo.h"
@@ -32,9 +33,6 @@ namespace IOS::HLE
 {
 namespace
 {
-// Title to launch after IOS has been reset and reloaded (similar to /sys/launch.sys).
-u64 s_title_to_launch;
-
 struct DirectoryToCreate
 {
   const char* path;
@@ -57,7 +55,13 @@ constexpr std::array<DirectoryToCreate, 9> s_directories_to_create = {{
     {"/wfs", 0, {FS::Mode::ReadWrite, FS::Mode::None, FS::Mode::None}, PID_UNKNOWN, PID_UNKNOWN},
 }};
 
+constexpr const char LAUNCH_FILE_PATH[] = "/sys/launch.sys";
+constexpr const char SPACE_FILE_PATH[] = "/sys/space.sys";
+constexpr size_t SPACE_FILE_SIZE = sizeof(u64) + sizeof(ES::TicketView) + ES::MAX_TMD_SIZE;
+
 CoreTiming::EventType* s_finish_init_event;
+CoreTiming::EventType* s_reload_ios_for_ppc_launch_event;
+CoreTiming::EventType* s_bootstrap_ppc_for_launch_event;
 
 constexpr SystemTimers::TimeBaseTick GetESBootTicks(u32 ios_version)
 {
@@ -113,22 +117,42 @@ void ESDevice::InitializeEmulationState()
 {
   s_finish_init_event = CoreTiming::RegisterEvent(
       "IOS-ESFinishInit", [](u64, s64) { GetIOS()->GetES()->FinishInit(); });
+  s_reload_ios_for_ppc_launch_event =
+      CoreTiming::RegisterEvent("IOS-ESReloadIOSForPPCLaunch", [](u64 ios_id, s64) {
+        GetIOS()->GetES()->LaunchTitle(ios_id, HangPPC::Yes);
+      });
+  s_bootstrap_ppc_for_launch_event = CoreTiming::RegisterEvent(
+      "IOS-ESBootstrapPPCForLaunch", [](u64, s64) { GetIOS()->GetES()->BootstrapPPC(); });
 }
 
 void ESDevice::FinalizeEmulationState()
 {
   s_finish_init_event = nullptr;
+  s_reload_ios_for_ppc_launch_event = nullptr;
+  s_bootstrap_ppc_for_launch_event = nullptr;
 }
 
 void ESDevice::FinishInit()
 {
   m_ios.InitIPC();
 
-  if (s_title_to_launch != 0)
+  std::optional<u64> pending_launch_title_id;
+
   {
-    NOTICE_LOG_FMT(IOS, "Re-launching title after IOS reload.");
-    LaunchTitle(s_title_to_launch, HangPPC::No, true);
-    s_title_to_launch = 0;
+    const auto launch_file =
+        m_ios.GetFS()->OpenFile(PID_KERNEL, PID_KERNEL, LAUNCH_FILE_PATH, FS::Mode::Read);
+    if (launch_file)
+    {
+      u64 id;
+      if (launch_file->Read(&id, 1).Succeeded())
+        pending_launch_title_id = id;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (pending_launch_title_id.has_value())
+  {
+    NOTICE_LOG_FMT(IOS, "Re-launching title {:016x} after IOS reload.", *pending_launch_title_id);
+    LaunchTitle(*pending_launch_title_id, HangPPC::No);
   }
 }
 
@@ -270,7 +294,7 @@ IPCReply ESDevice::SetUID(u32 uid, const IOCtlVRequest& request)
   return IPCReply(IPC_SUCCESS);
 }
 
-bool ESDevice::LaunchTitle(u64 title_id, HangPPC hang_ppc, bool skip_reload)
+bool ESDevice::LaunchTitle(u64 title_id, HangPPC hang_ppc)
 {
   m_title_context.Clear();
   INFO_LOG_FMT(IOS_ES, "ES_Launch: Title context changed: (none)");
@@ -295,7 +319,7 @@ bool ESDevice::LaunchTitle(u64 title_id, HangPPC hang_ppc, bool skip_reload)
 
   if (IsTitleType(title_id, ES::TitleType::System) && title_id != Titles::SYSTEM_MENU)
     return LaunchIOS(title_id, hang_ppc);
-  return LaunchPPCTitle(title_id, skip_reload);
+  return LaunchPPCTitle(title_id);
 }
 
 bool ESDevice::LaunchIOS(u64 ios_title_id, HangPPC hang_ppc)
@@ -336,9 +360,24 @@ bool ESDevice::LaunchIOS(u64 ios_title_id, HangPPC hang_ppc)
   return m_ios.BootIOS(ios_title_id, hang_ppc);
 }
 
-bool ESDevice::LaunchPPCTitle(u64 title_id, bool skip_reload)
+s32 ESDevice::WriteLaunchFile(const ES::TMDReader& tmd, Ticks ticks)
+{
+  m_ios.GetFSDevice()->DeleteFile(PID_KERNEL, PID_KERNEL, SPACE_FILE_PATH, ticks);
+
+  std::vector<u8> launch_data(sizeof(u64) + sizeof(ES::TicketView));
+  const u64 title_id = tmd.GetTitleId();
+  std::memcpy(launch_data.data(), &title_id, sizeof(title_id));
+  // We're supposed to write a ticket view here, but we don't use it for anything (other than
+  // to take up space in the NAND and slow down launches) so don't bother.
+  launch_data.insert(launch_data.end(), tmd.GetBytes().begin(), tmd.GetBytes().end());
+  return WriteSystemFile(LAUNCH_FILE_PATH, launch_data, ticks);
+}
+
+bool ESDevice::LaunchPPCTitle(u64 title_id)
 {
-  const ES::TMDReader tmd = FindInstalledTMD(title_id);
+  u64 ticks = 0;
+
+  const ES::TMDReader tmd = FindInstalledTMD(title_id, &ticks);
   const ES::TicketReader ticket = FindSignedTicket(title_id);
 
   if (!tmd.IsValid() || !ticket.IsValid())
@@ -359,14 +398,35 @@ bool ESDevice::LaunchPPCTitle(u64 title_id, bool skip_reload)
 
   // Before launching a title, IOS first reads the TMD and reloads into the specified IOS version,
   // even when that version is already running. After it has reloaded, ES_Launch will be called
-  // again with the reload skipped, and the PPC will be bootstrapped then.
-  if (!skip_reload)
+  // again and the PPC will be bootstrapped then.
+  //
+  // To keep track of the PPC title launch, a temporary launch file (LAUNCH_FILE_PATH) is used
+  // to store the title ID of the title to launch and its TMD.
+  // The launch file not existing means an IOS reload is required.
+  const auto launch_file_fd = m_ios.GetFSDevice()->Open(PID_KERNEL, PID_KERNEL, LAUNCH_FILE_PATH,
+                                                        FS::Mode::Read, {}, &ticks);
+  if (launch_file_fd < 0)
   {
-    s_title_to_launch = title_id;
+    if (WriteLaunchFile(tmd, &ticks) != IPC_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      PanicAlertFmt("LaunchPPCTitle: Failed to write launch file");
+      return false;
+    }
+
     const u64 required_ios = tmd.GetIOSId();
-    return LaunchTitle(required_ios, HangPPC::Yes);
+    if (!Core::IsRunningAndStarted())
+      return LaunchTitle(required_ios, HangPPC::Yes);
+    CoreTiming::RemoveEvent(s_reload_ios_for_ppc_launch_event);
+    CoreTiming::ScheduleEvent(ticks, s_reload_ios_for_ppc_launch_event, required_ios);
+    return true;
   }
 
+  // Otherwise, assume that the PPC title can now be launched directly.
+  // Unlike IOS, we won't bother checking the title ID in the launch file. (It's not useful.)
+  m_ios.GetFSDevice()->Close(launch_file_fd, &ticks);
+  m_ios.GetFSDevice()->DeleteFile(PID_KERNEL, PID_KERNEL, LAUNCH_FILE_PATH, &ticks);
+  WriteSystemFile(SPACE_FILE_PATH, std::vector<u8>(SPACE_FILE_SIZE), &ticks);
+
   m_title_context.Update(tmd, ticket, DiscIO::Platform::WiiWAD);
   INFO_LOG_FMT(IOS_ES, "LaunchPPCTitle: Title context changed: {:016x}", tmd.GetTitleId());
 
@@ -383,7 +443,19 @@ bool ESDevice::LaunchPPCTitle(u64 title_id, bool skip_reload)
   if (!tmd.GetContent(tmd.GetBootIndex(), &content))
     return false;
 
-  return m_ios.BootstrapPPC(GetContentPath(tmd.GetTitleId(), content));
+  m_pending_ppc_boot_content_path = GetContentPath(tmd.GetTitleId(), content);
+  if (!Core::IsRunningAndStarted())
+    return BootstrapPPC();
+  CoreTiming::RemoveEvent(s_bootstrap_ppc_for_launch_event);
+  CoreTiming::ScheduleEvent(ticks, s_bootstrap_ppc_for_launch_event);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ESDevice::BootstrapPPC()
+{
+  const bool result = m_ios.BootstrapPPC(m_pending_ppc_boot_content_path);
+  m_pending_ppc_boot_content_path = {};
+  return result;
 }
 
 void ESDevice::Context::DoState(PointerWrap& p)
@@ -413,6 +485,8 @@ void ESDevice::DoState(PointerWrap& p)
 
   for (auto& context : m_contexts)
     context.DoState(p);
+
+  p.Do(m_pending_ppc_boot_content_path);
 }
 
 ESDevice::ContextArray::iterator ESDevice::FindActiveContext(s32 fd)
diff --git a/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/ES.h b/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/ES.h
index 6d074b390a..b711fd93b9 100644
--- a/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/ES.h
+++ b/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/ES.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public:
   static void FinalizeEmulationState();
 
   ReturnCode DIVerify(const ES::TMDReader& tmd, const ES::TicketReader& ticket);
-  bool LaunchTitle(u64 title_id, HangPPC hang_ppc = HangPPC::No, bool skip_reload = false);
+  bool LaunchTitle(u64 title_id, HangPPC hang_ppc = HangPPC::No);
 
   void DoState(PointerWrap& p) override;
 
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ private:
   ContextArray::iterator FindInactiveContext();
 
   bool LaunchIOS(u64 ios_title_id, HangPPC hang_ppc);
-  bool LaunchPPCTitle(u64 title_id, bool skip_reload);
+  bool LaunchPPCTitle(u64 title_id);
   bool IsActiveTitlePermittedByTicket(const u8* ticket_view) const;
 
   ReturnCode CheckStreamKeyPermissions(u32 uid, const u8* ticket_view,
@@ -371,6 +371,10 @@ private:
 
   std::string GetContentPath(u64 title_id, const ES::Content& content, Ticks ticks = {}) const;
 
+  s32 WriteSystemFile(const std::string& path, const std::vector<u8>& data, Ticks ticks = {});
+  s32 WriteLaunchFile(const ES::TMDReader& tmd, Ticks ticks = {});
+  bool BootstrapPPC();
+
   struct OpenedContent
   {
     bool m_opened = false;
@@ -385,5 +389,6 @@ private:
 
   ContextArray m_contexts;
   TitleContext m_title_context{};
+  std::string m_pending_ppc_boot_content_path;
 };
 }  // namespace IOS::HLE
diff --git a/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/Formats.h b/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/Formats.h
index 1b1fe6996e..75c77f47b4 100644
--- a/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/Formats.h
+++ b/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/Formats.h
@@ -151,6 +151,8 @@ struct Ticket
 static_assert(sizeof(Ticket) == 0x2A4, "Ticket has the wrong size");
 #pragma pack(pop)
 
+constexpr u32 MAX_TMD_SIZE = 0x49e4;
+
 class SignedBlobReader
 {
 public:
diff --git a/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/NandUtils.cpp b/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/NandUtils.cpp
index 88cc040552..a96d85c3e2 100644
--- a/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/NandUtils.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/Core/IOS/ES/NandUtils.cpp
@@ -393,4 +393,47 @@ std::string ESDevice::GetContentPath(const u64 title_id, const ES::Content& cont
   }
   return fmt::format("{}/{:08x}.app", Common::GetTitleContentPath(title_id), content.id);
 }
+
+s32 ESDevice::WriteSystemFile(const std::string& path, const std::vector<u8>& data, Ticks ticks)
+{
+  auto& fs = *m_ios.GetFSDevice();
+  const std::string tmp_path = "/tmp/" + PathToFileName(path);
+
+  auto result = fs.CreateFile(PID_KERNEL, PID_KERNEL, tmp_path, {},
+                              {FS::Mode::ReadWrite, FS::Mode::ReadWrite, FS::Mode::None}, ticks);
+  if (result != FS::ResultCode::Success)
+  {
+    ERROR_LOG_FMT(IOS_ES, "Failed to create temporary file {}: {}", tmp_path, result);
+    return FS::ConvertResult(result);
+  }
+
+  const auto fd = fs.Open(PID_KERNEL, PID_KERNEL, tmp_path, FS::Mode::ReadWrite, {}, ticks);
+  if (fd < 0)
+  {
+    ERROR_LOG_FMT(IOS_ES, "Failed to open temporary file {}: {}", tmp_path, fd);
+    return fd;
+  }
+
+  if (fs.Write(fd, data.data(), u32(data.size()), {}, ticks) != s32(data.size()))
+  {
+    ERROR_LOG_FMT(IOS_ES, "Failed to write to temporary file {}", tmp_path);
+    return ES_EIO;
+  }
+
+  if (const auto ret = fs.Close(fd, ticks); ret != IPC_SUCCESS)
+  {
+    ERROR_LOG_FMT(IOS_ES, "Failed to close temporary file {}", tmp_path);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  result = fs.RenameFile(PID_KERNEL, PID_KERNEL, tmp_path, path, ticks);
+  if (result != FS::ResultCode::Success)
+  {
+    ERROR_LOG_FMT(IOS_ES, "Failed to move launch file to final destination ({}): {}", path, result);
+    return FS::ConvertResult(result);
+  }
+
+  return IPC_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 }  // namespace IOS::HLE
diff --git a/Source/Core/DiscIO/DirectoryBlob.cpp b/Source/Core/DiscIO/DirectoryBlob.cpp
index 8840283777..5210bf1032 100644
--- a/Source/Core/DiscIO/DirectoryBlob.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/DiscIO/DirectoryBlob.cpp
@@ -584,7 +584,6 @@ void DirectoryBlobReader::SetPartitionHeader(DirectoryBlobPartition* partition,
   constexpr u32 TICKET_OFFSET = 0x0;
   constexpr u32 TICKET_SIZE = 0x2a4;
   constexpr u32 TMD_OFFSET = 0x2c0;
-  constexpr u32 MAX_TMD_SIZE = 0x49e4;
   constexpr u32 H3_OFFSET = 0x4000;
   constexpr u32 H3_SIZE = 0x18000;
 
@@ -594,7 +593,7 @@ void DirectoryBlobReader::SetPartitionHeader(DirectoryBlobPartition* partition,
       partition_address + TICKET_OFFSET, TICKET_SIZE, partition_root + "ticket.bin");
 
   const u64 tmd_size = m_nonpartition_contents.CheckSizeAndAdd(
-      partition_address + TMD_OFFSET, MAX_TMD_SIZE, partition_root + "tmd.bin");
+      partition_address + TMD_OFFSET, IOS::ES::MAX_TMD_SIZE, partition_root + "tmd.bin");
 
   const u64 cert_offset = Common::AlignUp(TMD_OFFSET + tmd_size, 0x20ull);
   const u64 max_cert_size = H3_OFFSET - cert_offset;