Common: Add Random utilities

This makes it easier to generate random numbers or fill a buffer with
random data in a cryptographically secure way.

This also replaces existing usages of RNG functions in the codebase:

* <random> is pretty hard to use correctly, and std::random_device does
  not give enough guarantees about its results (it's
  implementation-defined, non cryptographically secure and could be
  deterministic on some platforms).
  Doing things correctly is error prone and verbose.

* rand() is terrible and should not be used especially in crypto code.

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