VideoBackends:Metal: Cache pipelines

Metal pipelines hold less stuff than Dolphin pipelines, so duplicates will appear

11 files changed, 555 insertions, 231 deletions

diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/CMakeLists.txt b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/CMakeLists.txt
index a3becc1d2e..744cb2f755 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ add_library(videometal
   MTLPipeline.h
   MTLRenderer.mm
   MTLRenderer.h
+  MTLShader.mm
   MTLShader.h
   MTLStateTracker.mm
   MTLStateTracker.h
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ add_library(videometal
   MTLTexture.h
   MTLUtil.mm
   MTLUtil.h
+  MTLVertexFormat.mm
+  MTLVertexFormat.h
   MTLVertexManager.mm
   MTLVertexManager.h
   VideoBackend.h
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLObjectCache.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLObjectCache.h
index 2f2bcd48dc..86668e614d 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLObjectCache.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLObjectCache.h
@@ -10,8 +10,12 @@
 
 #include "VideoCommon/RenderState.h"
 
+struct AbstractPipelineConfig;
+class AbstractPipeline;
+
 namespace Metal
 {
+class Shader;
 extern MRCOwned<id<MTLDevice>> g_device;
 extern MRCOwned<id<MTLCommandQueue>> g_queue;
 
@@ -87,7 +91,12 @@ public:
 
   void ReloadSamplers();
 
+  std::unique_ptr<AbstractPipeline> CreatePipeline(const AbstractPipelineConfig& config);
+  void ShaderDestroyed(const Shader* shader);
+
 private:
+  class Internal;
+  std::unique_ptr<Internal> m_internal;
   MRCOwned<id<MTLSamplerState>> CreateSampler(SamplerSelector sel);
   MRCOwned<id<MTLDepthStencilState>> m_dss[DepthStencilSelector::N_VALUES];
   MRCOwned<id<MTLSamplerState>> m_samplers[SamplerSelector::N_VALUES];
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLObjectCache.mm b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLObjectCache.mm
index afee912016..e9b836ce1c 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLObjectCache.mm
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLObjectCache.mm
@@ -3,6 +3,20 @@
 
 #include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLObjectCache.h"
 
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "Common/Assert.h"
+#include "Common/MsgHandler.h"
+
+#include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLPipeline.h"
+#include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLUtil.h"
+#include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLVertexFormat.h"
+
+#include "VideoCommon/AbstractPipeline.h"
+#include "VideoCommon/NativeVertexFormat.h"
+#include "VideoCommon/VertexShaderGen.h"
 #include "VideoCommon/VideoConfig.h"
 
 MRCOwned<id<MTLDevice>> Metal::g_device;
@@ -14,6 +28,7 @@ static void SetupDepthStencil(
 
 Metal::ObjectCache::ObjectCache()
 {
+  m_internal = std::make_unique<Internal>();
   SetupDepthStencil(m_dss);
 }
 
@@ -170,3 +185,314 @@ void Metal::ObjectCache::ReloadSamplers()
   for (auto& sampler : m_samplers)
     sampler = nullptr;
 }
+
+// MARK: Pipelines
+
+static MTLPrimitiveTopologyClass GetClass(PrimitiveType prim)
+{
+  switch (prim)
+  {
+  case PrimitiveType::Points:
+    return MTLPrimitiveTopologyClassPoint;
+  case PrimitiveType::Lines:
+    return MTLPrimitiveTopologyClassLine;
+  case PrimitiveType::Triangles:
+  case PrimitiveType::TriangleStrip:
+    return MTLPrimitiveTopologyClassTriangle;
+  }
+}
+
+static MTLPrimitiveType Convert(PrimitiveType prim)
+{
+  // clang-format off
+  switch (prim)
+  {
+  case PrimitiveType::Points:        return MTLPrimitiveTypePoint;
+  case PrimitiveType::Lines:         return MTLPrimitiveTypeLine;
+  case PrimitiveType::Triangles:     return MTLPrimitiveTypeTriangle;
+  case PrimitiveType::TriangleStrip: return MTLPrimitiveTypeTriangleStrip;
+  }
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+static MTLCullMode Convert(CullMode cull)
+{
+  switch (cull)
+  {
+  case CullMode::None:
+  case CullMode::All:  // Handled by disabling rasterization
+    return MTLCullModeNone;
+  case CullMode::Front:
+    return MTLCullModeFront;
+  case CullMode::Back:
+    return MTLCullModeBack;
+  }
+}
+
+static MTLBlendFactor Convert(DstBlendFactor factor, bool usedualsrc)
+{
+  // clang-format off
+  switch (factor)
+  {
+  case DstBlendFactor::Zero:        return MTLBlendFactorZero;
+  case DstBlendFactor::One:         return MTLBlendFactorOne;
+  case DstBlendFactor::SrcClr:      return MTLBlendFactorSourceColor;
+  case DstBlendFactor::InvSrcClr:   return MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSourceColor;
+  case DstBlendFactor::SrcAlpha:    return usedualsrc ? MTLBlendFactorSource1Alpha
+                                                      : MTLBlendFactorSourceAlpha;
+  case DstBlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha: return usedualsrc ? MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSource1Alpha
+                                                      : MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSourceAlpha;
+  case DstBlendFactor::DstAlpha:    return MTLBlendFactorDestinationAlpha;
+  case DstBlendFactor::InvDstAlpha: return MTLBlendFactorOneMinusDestinationAlpha;
+  }
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+static MTLBlendFactor Convert(SrcBlendFactor factor, bool usedualsrc)
+{
+  // clang-format off
+  switch (factor)
+  {
+  case SrcBlendFactor::Zero:        return MTLBlendFactorZero;
+  case SrcBlendFactor::One:         return MTLBlendFactorOne;
+  case SrcBlendFactor::DstClr:      return MTLBlendFactorDestinationColor;
+  case SrcBlendFactor::InvDstClr:   return MTLBlendFactorOneMinusDestinationColor;
+  case SrcBlendFactor::SrcAlpha:    return usedualsrc ? MTLBlendFactorSource1Alpha
+                                                      : MTLBlendFactorSourceAlpha;
+  case SrcBlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha: return usedualsrc ? MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSource1Alpha
+                                                      : MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSourceAlpha;
+  case SrcBlendFactor::DstAlpha:    return MTLBlendFactorDestinationAlpha;
+  case SrcBlendFactor::InvDstAlpha: return MTLBlendFactorOneMinusDestinationAlpha;
+  }
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+class Metal::ObjectCache::Internal
+{
+public:
+  using StoredPipeline = std::pair<MRCOwned<id<MTLRenderPipelineState>>, PipelineReflection>;
+  /// Holds only the things that are actually used in a Metal pipeline
+  struct PipelineID
+  {
+    struct VertexAttribute
+    {
+      // Just hold the things that might differ while using the same shader
+      // (Really only a thing for ubershaders)
+      u8 offset : 6;
+      u8 components : 2;
+      VertexAttribute() = default;
+      explicit VertexAttribute(AttributeFormat format)
+          : offset(format.offset), components(format.components - 1)
+      {
+        if (!format.enable)
+          offset = 0x3F;  // Set it to something unlikely
+      }
+    };
+    template <size_t N>
+    static void CopyAll(std::array<VertexAttribute, N>& output, const AttributeFormat (&input)[N])
+    {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+        output[i] = VertexAttribute(input[i]);
+    }
+    PipelineID(const AbstractPipelineConfig& cfg)
+    {
+      memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+      if (const NativeVertexFormat* v = cfg.vertex_format)
+      {
+        const PortableVertexDeclaration& decl = v->GetVertexDeclaration();
+        v_stride = v->GetVertexStride();
+        v_position = VertexAttribute(decl.position);
+        CopyAll(v_normals, decl.normals);
+        CopyAll(v_colors, decl.colors);
+        CopyAll(v_texcoords, decl.texcoords);
+        v_posmtx = VertexAttribute(decl.posmtx);
+      }
+      vertex_shader = static_cast<const Shader*>(cfg.vertex_shader);
+      fragment_shader = static_cast<const Shader*>(cfg.pixel_shader);
+      framebuffer.color_texture_format = cfg.framebuffer_state.color_texture_format.Value();
+      framebuffer.depth_texture_format = cfg.framebuffer_state.depth_texture_format.Value();
+      blend.colorupdate = cfg.blending_state.colorupdate.Value();
+      blend.alphaupdate = cfg.blending_state.alphaupdate.Value();
+      if (cfg.blending_state.blendenable)
+      {
+        // clang-format off
+        blend.blendenable = true;
+        blend.usedualsrc     = cfg.blending_state.usedualsrc.Value();
+        blend.srcfactor      = cfg.blending_state.srcfactor.Value();
+        blend.dstfactor      = cfg.blending_state.dstfactor.Value();
+        blend.srcfactoralpha = cfg.blending_state.srcfactoralpha.Value();
+        blend.dstfactoralpha = cfg.blending_state.dstfactoralpha.Value();
+        blend.subtract       = cfg.blending_state.subtract.Value();
+        blend.subtractAlpha  = cfg.blending_state.subtractAlpha.Value();
+        // clang-format on
+      }
+      // Throw extras in bits we don't otherwise use
+      if (cfg.rasterization_state.cullmode == CullMode::All)
+        blend.hex |= 1 << 29;
+      if (cfg.rasterization_state.primitive == PrimitiveType::Points)
+        blend.hex |= 1 << 30;
+      else if (cfg.rasterization_state.primitive == PrimitiveType::Lines)
+        blend.hex |= 1 << 31;
+    }
+    PipelineID() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    PipelineID(const PipelineID& other) { memcpy(this, &other, sizeof(*this)); }
+    PipelineID& operator=(const PipelineID& other)
+    {
+      memcpy(this, &other, sizeof(*this));
+      return *this;
+    }
+    bool operator<(const PipelineID& other) const
+    {
+      return memcmp(this, &other, sizeof(*this)) < 0;
+    }
+    bool operator==(const PipelineID& other) const
+    {
+      return memcmp(this, &other, sizeof(*this)) == 0;
+    }
+
+    u8 v_stride;
+    VertexAttribute v_position;
+    std::array<VertexAttribute, 3> v_normals;
+    std::array<VertexAttribute, 2> v_colors;
+    std::array<VertexAttribute, 8> v_texcoords;
+    VertexAttribute v_posmtx;
+    const Shader* vertex_shader;
+    const Shader* fragment_shader;
+    BlendingState blend;
+    FramebufferState framebuffer;
+  };
+
+  std::mutex m_mtx;
+  std::condition_variable m_cv;
+  std::map<PipelineID, StoredPipeline> m_pipelines;
+  std::map<const Shader*, std::vector<PipelineID>> m_shaders;
+  std::array<u32, 3> m_pipeline_counter;
+
+  StoredPipeline CreatePipeline(const AbstractPipelineConfig& config)
+  {
+    @autoreleasepool
+    {
+      ASSERT(!config.geometry_shader);
+      auto desc = MRCTransfer([MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor new]);
+      [desc setVertexFunction:static_cast<const Shader*>(config.vertex_shader)->GetShader()];
+      [desc setFragmentFunction:static_cast<const Shader*>(config.pixel_shader)->GetShader()];
+      if (config.usage == AbstractPipelineUsage::GX)
+      {
+        if ([[[desc vertexFunction] label] containsString:@"Uber"])
+          [desc
+              setLabel:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"GX Uber Pipeline %d", m_pipeline_counter[0]++]];
+        else
+          [desc setLabel:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"GX Pipeline %d", m_pipeline_counter[1]++]];
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        [desc setLabel:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Utility Pipeline %d", m_pipeline_counter[2]++]];
+      }
+      if (config.vertex_format)
+        [desc setVertexDescriptor:static_cast<const VertexFormat*>(config.vertex_format)->Get()];
+      RasterizationState rs = config.rasterization_state;
+      [desc setInputPrimitiveTopology:GetClass(rs.primitive)];
+      if (rs.cullmode == CullMode::All)
+        [desc setRasterizationEnabled:NO];
+      MTLRenderPipelineColorAttachmentDescriptor* color0 =
+          [[desc colorAttachments] objectAtIndexedSubscript:0];
+      BlendingState bs = config.blending_state;
+      MTLColorWriteMask mask = MTLColorWriteMaskNone;
+      if (bs.colorupdate)
+        mask |= MTLColorWriteMaskRed | MTLColorWriteMaskGreen | MTLColorWriteMaskBlue;
+      if (bs.alphaupdate)
+        mask |= MTLColorWriteMaskAlpha;
+      [color0 setWriteMask:mask];
+      if (bs.blendenable)
+      {
+        // clang-format off
+        [color0 setBlendingEnabled:YES];
+        [color0 setSourceRGBBlendFactor:       Convert(bs.srcfactor,      bs.usedualsrc)];
+        [color0 setSourceAlphaBlendFactor:     Convert(bs.srcfactoralpha, bs.usedualsrc)];
+        [color0 setDestinationRGBBlendFactor:  Convert(bs.dstfactor,      bs.usedualsrc)];
+        [color0 setDestinationAlphaBlendFactor:Convert(bs.dstfactoralpha, bs.usedualsrc)];
+        [color0 setRgbBlendOperation:  bs.subtract      ? MTLBlendOperationReverseSubtract : MTLBlendOperationAdd];
+        [color0 setAlphaBlendOperation:bs.subtractAlpha ? MTLBlendOperationReverseSubtract : MTLBlendOperationAdd];
+        // clang-format on
+      }
+      FramebufferState fs = config.framebuffer_state;
+      [color0 setPixelFormat:Util::FromAbstract(fs.color_texture_format)];
+      [desc setDepthAttachmentPixelFormat:Util::FromAbstract(fs.depth_texture_format)];
+      if (Util::HasStencil(fs.depth_texture_format))
+        [desc setStencilAttachmentPixelFormat:Util::FromAbstract(fs.depth_texture_format)];
+      NSError* err = nullptr;
+      MTLRenderPipelineReflection* reflection = nullptr;
+      id<MTLRenderPipelineState> pipe =
+          [g_device newRenderPipelineStateWithDescriptor:desc
+                                                 options:MTLPipelineOptionArgumentInfo
+                                              reflection:&reflection
+                                                   error:&err];
+      if (err)
+      {
+        PanicAlertFmt("Failed to compile pipeline for {} and {}: {}",
+                      [[[desc vertexFunction] label] UTF8String],
+                      [[[desc fragmentFunction] label] UTF8String],
+                      [[err localizedDescription] UTF8String]);
+        return std::make_pair(nullptr, PipelineReflection());
+      }
+
+      return std::make_pair(MRCTransfer(pipe), PipelineReflection(reflection));
+    }
+  }
+
+  StoredPipeline GetOrCreatePipeline(const AbstractPipelineConfig& config)
+  {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mtx);
+    PipelineID pid(config);
+    auto it = m_pipelines.find(pid);
+    if (it != m_pipelines.end())
+    {
+      while (!it->second.first && !it->second.second.textures)
+        m_cv.wait(lock);  // Wait for whoever's already compiling this
+      return it->second;
+    }
+    // Reserve the spot now, so other threads know we're making it
+    it = m_pipelines.insert({pid, {nullptr, PipelineReflection()}}).first;
+    lock.unlock();
+    StoredPipeline pipe = CreatePipeline(config);
+    lock.lock();
+    if (pipe.first)
+      it->second = pipe;
+    else
+      it->second.second.textures = 1;  // Abuse this as a "failed to create pipeline" flag
+    m_shaders[pid.vertex_shader].push_back(pid);
+    m_shaders[pid.fragment_shader].push_back(pid);
+    lock.unlock();
+    m_cv.notify_all();  // Wake up anyone who might be waiting
+    return pipe;
+  }
+
+  void ShaderDestroyed(const Shader* shader)
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mtx);
+    auto it = m_shaders.find(shader);
+    if (it == m_shaders.end())
+      return;
+    // It's unlikely, but if a shader is destroyed, a new one could be made with the same address
+    // (Also, we know it won't be used anymore, so there's no reason to keep these around)
+    for (const PipelineID& pid : it->second)
+      m_pipelines.erase(pid);
+    m_shaders.erase(it);
+  }
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<AbstractPipeline>
+Metal::ObjectCache::CreatePipeline(const AbstractPipelineConfig& config)
+{
+  Internal::StoredPipeline pipeline = m_internal->GetOrCreatePipeline(config);
+  if (!pipeline.first)
+    return nullptr;
+  return std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
+      std::move(pipeline.first), pipeline.second, Convert(config.rasterization_state.primitive),
+      Convert(config.rasterization_state.cullmode), config.depth_state, config.usage);
+}
+
+void Metal::ObjectCache::ShaderDestroyed(const Shader* shader)
+{
+  m_internal->ShaderDestroyed(shader);
+}
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLPipeline.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLPipeline.h
index d5a642aedd..aa4fadbdbf 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLPipeline.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLPipeline.h
@@ -14,24 +14,34 @@
 
 namespace Metal
 {
+struct PipelineReflection
+{
+  u32 textures = 0;
+  u32 samplers = 0;
+  u32 vertex_buffers = 0;
+  u32 fragment_buffers = 0;
+  PipelineReflection() = default;
+  explicit PipelineReflection(MTLRenderPipelineReflection* reflection);
+};
+
 class Pipeline final : public AbstractPipeline
 {
 public:
   explicit Pipeline(MRCOwned<id<MTLRenderPipelineState>> pipeline,
-                    MTLRenderPipelineReflection* reflection, MTLPrimitiveType prim,
-                    MTLCullMode cull, DepthState depth, AbstractPipelineUsage usage);
+                    const PipelineReflection& reflection, MTLPrimitiveType prim, MTLCullMode cull,
+                    DepthState depth, AbstractPipelineUsage usage);
 
   id<MTLRenderPipelineState> Get() const { return m_pipeline; }
   MTLPrimitiveType Prim() const { return m_prim; }
   MTLCullMode Cull() const { return m_cull; }
   DepthStencilSelector DepthStencil() const { return m_depth_stencil; }
   AbstractPipelineUsage Usage() const { return m_usage; }
-  u32 GetTextures() const { return m_textures; }
-  u32 GetSamplers() const { return m_samplers; }
-  u32 GetVertexBuffers() const { return m_vertex_buffers; }
-  u32 GetFragmentBuffers() const { return m_fragment_buffers; }
-  bool UsesVertexBuffer(u32 index) const { return m_vertex_buffers & (1 << index); }
-  bool UsesFragmentBuffer(u32 index) const { return m_fragment_buffers & (1 << index); }
+  u32 GetTextures() const { return m_reflection.textures; }
+  u32 GetSamplers() const { return m_reflection.samplers; }
+  u32 GetVertexBuffers() const { return m_reflection.vertex_buffers; }
+  u32 GetFragmentBuffers() const { return m_reflection.fragment_buffers; }
+  bool UsesVertexBuffer(u32 index) const { return m_reflection.vertex_buffers & (1 << index); }
+  bool UsesFragmentBuffer(u32 index) const { return m_reflection.fragment_buffers & (1 << index); }
 
 private:
   MRCOwned<id<MTLRenderPipelineState>> m_pipeline;
@@ -39,10 +49,7 @@ private:
   MTLCullMode m_cull;
   DepthStencilSelector m_depth_stencil;
   AbstractPipelineUsage m_usage;
-  u32 m_textures = 0;
-  u32 m_samplers = 0;
-  u32 m_vertex_buffers = 0;
-  u32 m_fragment_buffers = 0;
+  PipelineReflection m_reflection;
 };
 
 class ComputePipeline : public Shader
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLPipeline.mm b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLPipeline.mm
index 405ea76973..5afaa477a1 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLPipeline.mm
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLPipeline.mm
@@ -47,14 +47,18 @@ static void GetArguments(NSArray<MTLArgument*>* arguments, u32* textures, u32* s
   }
 }
 
+Metal::PipelineReflection::PipelineReflection(MTLRenderPipelineReflection* reflection)
+{
+  GetArguments([reflection vertexArguments], nullptr, nullptr, &vertex_buffers);
+  GetArguments([reflection fragmentArguments], &textures, &samplers, &fragment_buffers);
+}
+
 Metal::Pipeline::Pipeline(MRCOwned<id<MTLRenderPipelineState>> pipeline,
-                          MTLRenderPipelineReflection* reflection, MTLPrimitiveType prim,
+                          const PipelineReflection& reflection, MTLPrimitiveType prim,
                           MTLCullMode cull, DepthState depth, AbstractPipelineUsage usage)
     : m_pipeline(std::move(pipeline)), m_prim(prim), m_cull(cull), m_depth_stencil(depth),
-      m_usage(usage)
+      m_usage(usage), m_reflection(reflection)
 {
-  GetArguments([reflection vertexArguments], nullptr, nullptr, &m_vertex_buffers);
-  GetArguments([reflection fragmentArguments], &m_textures, &m_samplers, &m_fragment_buffers);
 }
 
 Metal::ComputePipeline::ComputePipeline(ShaderStage stage, MTLComputePipelineReflection* reflection,
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLRenderer.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLRenderer.h
index 6208e3f57e..f8b97dc0d3 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLRenderer.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLRenderer.h
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ private:
   u32 m_texture_counter = 0;
   u32 m_staging_texture_counter = 0;
   std::array<u32, 4> m_shader_counter = {};
-  u32 m_pipeline_counter = 0;
 
   void CheckForSurfaceChange();
   void CheckForSurfaceResize();
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLRenderer.mm b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLRenderer.mm
index b552b11722..e8e033c8aa 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLRenderer.mm
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLRenderer.mm
@@ -9,11 +9,10 @@
 #include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLStateTracker.h"
 #include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLTexture.h"
 #include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLUtil.h"
+#include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLVertexFormat.h"
 #include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLVertexManager.h"
 
 #include "VideoCommon/FramebufferManager.h"
-#include "VideoCommon/NativeVertexFormat.h"
-#include "VideoCommon/VertexShaderGen.h"
 #include "VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.h"
 
 Metal::Renderer::Renderer(MRCOwned<CAMetalLayer*> layer, int width, int height, float layer_scale)
@@ -110,66 +109,6 @@ Metal::Renderer::CreateFramebuffer(AbstractTexture* color_attachment,
 
 // MARK: Pipeline Creation
 
-namespace Metal
-{
-class VertexFormat : public NativeVertexFormat
-{
-public:
-  VertexFormat(const PortableVertexDeclaration& vtx_decl)
-      : NativeVertexFormat(vtx_decl), m_desc(MRCTransfer([MTLVertexDescriptor new]))
-  {
-    [[[m_desc layouts] objectAtIndexedSubscript:0] setStride:vtx_decl.stride];
-    SetAttribute(SHADER_POSITION_ATTRIB, vtx_decl.position);
-    SetAttributes(SHADER_NORMAL_ATTRIB, vtx_decl.normals);
-    SetAttributes(SHADER_COLOR0_ATTRIB, vtx_decl.colors);
-    SetAttributes(SHADER_TEXTURE0_ATTRIB, vtx_decl.texcoords);
-    SetAttribute(SHADER_POSMTX_ATTRIB, vtx_decl.posmtx);
-  }
-
-  MTLVertexDescriptor* Get() const { return m_desc; }
-
-private:
-  template <size_t N>
-  void SetAttributes(u32 attribute, const AttributeFormat (&format)[N])
-  {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
-      SetAttribute(attribute + i, format[i]);
-  }
-  void SetAttribute(u32 attribute, const AttributeFormat& format)
-  {
-    if (!format.enable)
-      return;
-    MTLVertexAttributeDescriptor* desc = [[m_desc attributes] objectAtIndexedSubscript:attribute];
-    [desc setFormat:ConvertFormat(format.type, format.components, format.integer)];
-    [desc setOffset:format.offset];
-    [desc setBufferIndex:0];
-  }
-
-  static MTLVertexFormat ConvertFormat(ComponentFormat format, int count, bool int_format)
-  {
-    static constexpr MTLVertexFormat formats[2][5][4] = {
-      [false] = {
-        [static_cast<int>(ComponentFormat::UByte)]  = { MTLVertexFormatUCharNormalized,  MTLVertexFormatUChar2Normalized,  MTLVertexFormatUChar3Normalized,  MTLVertexFormatUChar4Normalized  },
-        [static_cast<int>(ComponentFormat::Byte)]   = { MTLVertexFormatCharNormalized,   MTLVertexFormatChar2Normalized,   MTLVertexFormatChar3Normalized,   MTLVertexFormatChar4Normalized   },
-        [static_cast<int>(ComponentFormat::UShort)] = { MTLVertexFormatUShortNormalized, MTLVertexFormatUShort2Normalized, MTLVertexFormatUShort3Normalized, MTLVertexFormatUShort4Normalized },
-        [static_cast<int>(ComponentFormat::Short)]  = { MTLVertexFormatShortNormalized,  MTLVertexFormatShort2Normalized,  MTLVertexFormatShort3Normalized,  MTLVertexFormatShort4Normalized  },
-        [static_cast<int>(ComponentFormat::Float)]  = { MTLVertexFormatFloat,            MTLVertexFormatFloat2,            MTLVertexFormatFloat3,            MTLVertexFormatFloat4            },
-      },
-      [true] = {
-        [static_cast<int>(ComponentFormat::UByte)]  = { MTLVertexFormatUChar,  MTLVertexFormatUChar2,  MTLVertexFormatUChar3,  MTLVertexFormatUChar4  },
-        [static_cast<int>(ComponentFormat::Byte)]   = { MTLVertexFormatChar,   MTLVertexFormatChar2,   MTLVertexFormatChar3,   MTLVertexFormatChar4   },
-        [static_cast<int>(ComponentFormat::UShort)] = { MTLVertexFormatUShort, MTLVertexFormatUShort2, MTLVertexFormatUShort3, MTLVertexFormatUShort4 },
-        [static_cast<int>(ComponentFormat::Short)]  = { MTLVertexFormatShort,  MTLVertexFormatShort2,  MTLVertexFormatShort3,  MTLVertexFormatShort4  },
-        [static_cast<int>(ComponentFormat::Float)]  = { MTLVertexFormatFloat,  MTLVertexFormatFloat2,  MTLVertexFormatFloat3,  MTLVertexFormatFloat4  },
-      },
-    };
-    return formats[int_format][static_cast<int>(format)][count - 1];
-  }
-
-  MRCOwned<MTLVertexDescriptor*> m_desc;
-};
-}  // namespace Metal
-
 std::unique_ptr<AbstractShader> Metal::Renderer::CreateShaderFromSource(ShaderStage stage,
                                                                         std::string_view source,
                                                                         std::string_view name)
@@ -311,157 +250,11 @@ Metal::Renderer::CreateNativeVertexFormat(const PortableVertexDeclaration& vtx_d
   }
 }
 
-static MTLPrimitiveTopologyClass GetClass(PrimitiveType prim)
-{
-  switch (prim)
-  {
-  case PrimitiveType::Points:
-    return MTLPrimitiveTopologyClassPoint;
-  case PrimitiveType::Lines:
-    return MTLPrimitiveTopologyClassLine;
-  case PrimitiveType::Triangles:
-  case PrimitiveType::TriangleStrip:
-    return MTLPrimitiveTopologyClassTriangle;
-  }
-}
-
-static MTLPrimitiveType Convert(PrimitiveType prim)
-{
-  switch (prim)
-  {
-    case PrimitiveType::Points:        return MTLPrimitiveTypePoint;
-    case PrimitiveType::Lines:         return MTLPrimitiveTypeLine;
-    case PrimitiveType::Triangles:     return MTLPrimitiveTypeTriangle;
-    case PrimitiveType::TriangleStrip: return MTLPrimitiveTypeTriangleStrip;
-  }
-}
-
-static MTLCullMode Convert(CullMode cull)
-{
-  switch (cull)
-  {
-    case CullMode::None:
-    case CullMode::All: // Handled by disabling rasterization
-      return MTLCullModeNone;
-    case CullMode::Front:
-      return MTLCullModeFront;
-    case CullMode::Back:
-      return MTLCullModeBack;
-  }
-}
-
-static MTLBlendFactor Convert(DstBlendFactor factor, bool src1)
-{
-  static constexpr MTLBlendFactor factors[2][8] = {
-    [false] = {
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::Zero)]        = MTLBlendFactorZero,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::One)]         = MTLBlendFactorOne,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::SrcClr)]      = MTLBlendFactorSourceColor,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::InvSrcClr)]   = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSourceColor,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::SrcAlpha)]    = MTLBlendFactorSourceAlpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha)] = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSourceAlpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::DstAlpha)]    = MTLBlendFactorDestinationAlpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::InvDstAlpha)] = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusDestinationAlpha,
-    },
-    [true] = {
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::Zero)]        = MTLBlendFactorZero,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::One)]         = MTLBlendFactorOne,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::SrcClr)]      = MTLBlendFactorSourceColor,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::InvSrcClr)]   = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSource1Color,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::SrcAlpha)]    = MTLBlendFactorSource1Alpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha)] = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSource1Alpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::DstAlpha)]    = MTLBlendFactorDestinationAlpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(DstBlendFactor::InvDstAlpha)] = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusDestinationAlpha,
-    },
-  };
-  return factors[src1][static_cast<int>(factor)];
-}
-
-static MTLBlendFactor Convert(SrcBlendFactor factor, bool src1)
-{
-  static constexpr MTLBlendFactor factors[2][8] = {
-    [false] = {
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::Zero)]        = MTLBlendFactorZero,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::One)]         = MTLBlendFactorOne,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::DstClr)]      = MTLBlendFactorDestinationColor,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::InvDstClr)]   = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusDestinationColor,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::SrcAlpha)]    = MTLBlendFactorSourceAlpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha)] = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSourceAlpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::DstAlpha)]    = MTLBlendFactorDestinationAlpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::InvDstAlpha)] = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusDestinationAlpha,
-    },
-    [true] = {
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::Zero)]        = MTLBlendFactorZero,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::One)]         = MTLBlendFactorOne,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::DstClr)]      = MTLBlendFactorDestinationColor,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::InvDstClr)]   = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusDestinationColor,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::SrcAlpha)]    = MTLBlendFactorSource1Alpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::InvSrcAlpha)] = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusSource1Alpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::DstAlpha)]    = MTLBlendFactorDestinationAlpha,
-      [static_cast<int>(SrcBlendFactor::InvDstAlpha)] = MTLBlendFactorOneMinusDestinationAlpha,
-    },
-  };
-  return factors[src1][static_cast<int>(factor)];
-}
-
 std::unique_ptr<AbstractPipeline>
 Metal::Renderer::CreatePipeline(const AbstractPipelineConfig& config, const void* cache_data,
                                 size_t cache_data_length)
 {
-  @autoreleasepool
-  {
-    assert(!config.geometry_shader);
-    auto desc = MRCTransfer([MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor new]);
-    [desc setLabel:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Pipeline %d", m_pipeline_counter++]];
-    [desc setVertexFunction:static_cast<const Shader*>(config.vertex_shader)->GetShader()];
-    [desc setFragmentFunction:static_cast<const Shader*>(config.pixel_shader)->GetShader()];
-    if (config.vertex_format)
-      [desc setVertexDescriptor:static_cast<const VertexFormat*>(config.vertex_format)->Get()];
-    RasterizationState rs = config.rasterization_state;
-    [desc setInputPrimitiveTopology:GetClass(rs.primitive)];
-    if (rs.cullmode == CullMode::All)
-      [desc setRasterizationEnabled:NO];
-    MTLRenderPipelineColorAttachmentDescriptor* color0 = [desc colorAttachments][0];
-    BlendingState bs = config.blending_state;
-    MTLColorWriteMask mask = MTLColorWriteMaskNone;
-    if (bs.colorupdate)
-      mask |= MTLColorWriteMaskRed | MTLColorWriteMaskGreen | MTLColorWriteMaskBlue;
-    if (bs.alphaupdate)
-      mask |= MTLColorWriteMaskAlpha;
-    [color0 setWriteMask:mask];
-    if (bs.blendenable)
-    {
-      [color0 setBlendingEnabled:YES];
-      [color0 setSourceRGBBlendFactor:       Convert(bs.srcfactor,      bs.usedualsrc)];
-      [color0 setSourceAlphaBlendFactor:     Convert(bs.srcfactoralpha, bs.usedualsrc)];
-      [color0 setDestinationRGBBlendFactor:  Convert(bs.dstfactor,      bs.usedualsrc)];
-      [color0 setDestinationAlphaBlendFactor:Convert(bs.dstfactoralpha, bs.usedualsrc)];
-      [color0 setRgbBlendOperation:  bs.subtract      ? MTLBlendOperationReverseSubtract : MTLBlendOperationAdd];
-      [color0 setAlphaBlendOperation:bs.subtractAlpha ? MTLBlendOperationReverseSubtract : MTLBlendOperationAdd];
-    }
-    FramebufferState fs = config.framebuffer_state;
-    [color0 setPixelFormat:Util::FromAbstract(fs.color_texture_format)];
-    [desc setDepthAttachmentPixelFormat:Util::FromAbstract(fs.depth_texture_format)];
-    if (Util::HasStencil(fs.depth_texture_format))
-      [desc setStencilAttachmentPixelFormat:Util::FromAbstract(fs.depth_texture_format)];
-    NSError* err = nullptr;
-    MTLRenderPipelineReflection* reflection = nullptr;
-    id<MTLRenderPipelineState> pipe =
-        [g_device newRenderPipelineStateWithDescriptor:desc
-                                               options:MTLPipelineOptionArgumentInfo
-                                            reflection:&reflection
-                                                 error:&err];
-    if (err)
-    {
-      PanicAlertFmt("Failed to compile pipeline for {} and {}: {}",
-                    [[[desc vertexFunction] label] UTF8String],
-                    [[[desc fragmentFunction] label] UTF8String],
-                    [[err localizedDescription] UTF8String]);
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-    return std::make_unique<Pipeline>(MRCTransfer(pipe), reflection, Convert(rs.primitive),
-                                      Convert(rs.cullmode), config.depth_state, config.usage);
-  }
+  return g_object_cache->CreatePipeline(config);
 }
 
 void Metal::Renderer::Flush()
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLShader.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLShader.h
index 053d84c2b9..018346bb6d 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLShader.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLShader.h
@@ -15,13 +15,11 @@ namespace Metal
 class Shader : public AbstractShader
 {
 public:
-  explicit Shader(ShaderStage stage, std::string msl, MRCOwned<id<MTLFunction>> shader)
-      : AbstractShader(stage), m_msl(std::move(msl)), m_shader(std::move(shader))
-  {
-  }
+  explicit Shader(ShaderStage stage, std::string msl, MRCOwned<id<MTLFunction>> shader);
+  ~Shader();
 
   id<MTLFunction> GetShader() const { return m_shader; }
-  BinaryData GetBinary() const override { return BinaryData(m_msl.begin(), m_msl.end()); }
+  BinaryData GetBinary() const override;
 
 private:
   std::string m_msl;
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLShader.mm b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLShader.mm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a1afcb160b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLShader.mm
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+#include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLShader.h"
+
+#include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLObjectCache.h"
+
+Metal::Shader::Shader(ShaderStage stage, std::string msl, MRCOwned<id<MTLFunction>> shader)
+    : AbstractShader(stage), m_msl(std::move(msl)), m_shader(std::move(shader))
+{
+}
+
+Metal::Shader::~Shader()
+{
+  g_object_cache->ShaderDestroyed(this);
+}
+
+AbstractShader::BinaryData Metal::Shader::GetBinary() const
+{
+  return BinaryData(m_msl.begin(), m_msl.end());
+}
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLVertexFormat.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLVertexFormat.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4babc057b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLVertexFormat.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2022 Dolphin Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <Metal/Metal.h>
+
+#include "VideoBackends/Metal/MRCHelpers.h"
+
+#include "VideoCommon/NativeVertexFormat.h"
+
+namespace Metal
+{
+class VertexFormat : public NativeVertexFormat
+{
+public:
+  VertexFormat(const PortableVertexDeclaration& vtx_decl);
+
+  MTLVertexDescriptor* Get() const { return m_desc; }
+
+  MRCOwned<MTLVertexDescriptor*> m_desc;
+};
+}  // namespace Metal
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLVertexFormat.mm b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLVertexFormat.mm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6453c5189a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLVertexFormat.mm
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// Copyright 2022 Dolphin Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "VideoBackends/Metal/MTLVertexFormat.h"
+
+#include "VideoCommon/VertexShaderGen.h"
+
+static MTLVertexFormat ConvertFormat(ComponentFormat format, int count, bool int_format)
+{
+  // clang-format off
+  if (int_format)
+  {
+    switch (format)
+    {
+    case ComponentFormat::UByte:
+      switch (count)
+      {
+      case 1: return MTLVertexFormatUChar;
+      case 2: return MTLVertexFormatUChar2;
+      case 3: return MTLVertexFormatUChar3;
+      case 4: return MTLVertexFormatUChar4;
+      default: return MTLVertexFormatInvalid;
+      }
+    case ComponentFormat::Byte:
+      switch (count)
+      {
+      case 1: return MTLVertexFormatChar;
+      case 2: return MTLVertexFormatChar2;
+      case 3: return MTLVertexFormatChar3;
+      case 4: return MTLVertexFormatChar4;
+      default: return MTLVertexFormatInvalid;
+      }
+    case ComponentFormat::UShort:
+      switch (count)
+      {
+      case 1: return MTLVertexFormatUShort;
+      case 2: return MTLVertexFormatUShort2;
+      case 3: return MTLVertexFormatUShort3;
+      case 4: return MTLVertexFormatUShort4;
+      default: return MTLVertexFormatInvalid;
+      }
+    case ComponentFormat::Short:
+      switch (count)
+      {
+      case 1: return MTLVertexFormatShort;
+      case 2: return MTLVertexFormatShort2;
+      case 3: return MTLVertexFormatShort3;
+      case 4: return MTLVertexFormatShort4;
+      default: return MTLVertexFormatInvalid;
+      }
+    case ComponentFormat::Float:
+      switch (count)
+      {
+      case 1: return MTLVertexFormatFloat;
+      case 2: return MTLVertexFormatFloat2;
+      case 3: return MTLVertexFormatFloat3;
+      case 4: return MTLVertexFormatFloat4;
+      default: return MTLVertexFormatInvalid;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    switch (format)
+    {
+    case ComponentFormat::UByte:
+      switch (count)
+      {
+      case 1: return MTLVertexFormatUCharNormalized;
+      case 2: return MTLVertexFormatUChar2Normalized;
+      case 3: return MTLVertexFormatUChar3Normalized;
+      case 4: return MTLVertexFormatUChar4Normalized;
+      default: return MTLVertexFormatInvalid;
+      }
+    case ComponentFormat::Byte:
+      switch (count)
+      {
+      case 1: return MTLVertexFormatCharNormalized;
+      case 2: return MTLVertexFormatChar2Normalized;
+      case 3: return MTLVertexFormatChar3Normalized;
+      case 4: return MTLVertexFormatChar4Normalized;
+      default: return MTLVertexFormatInvalid;
+      }
+    case ComponentFormat::UShort:
+      switch (count)
+      {
+      case 1: return MTLVertexFormatUShortNormalized;
+      case 2: return MTLVertexFormatUShort2Normalized;
+      case 3: return MTLVertexFormatUShort3Normalized;
+      case 4: return MTLVertexFormatUShort4Normalized;
+      default: return MTLVertexFormatInvalid;
+      }
+    case ComponentFormat::Short:
+      switch (count)
+      {
+      case 1: return MTLVertexFormatShortNormalized;
+      case 2: return MTLVertexFormatShort2Normalized;
+      case 3: return MTLVertexFormatShort3Normalized;
+      case 4: return MTLVertexFormatShort4Normalized;
+      default: return MTLVertexFormatInvalid;
+      }
+    case ComponentFormat::Float:
+      switch (count)
+      {
+      case 1: return MTLVertexFormatFloat;
+      case 2: return MTLVertexFormatFloat2;
+      case 3: return MTLVertexFormatFloat3;
+      case 4: return MTLVertexFormatFloat4;
+      default: return MTLVertexFormatInvalid;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+static void SetAttribute(MTLVertexDescriptor* desc, u32 attribute, const AttributeFormat& format)
+{
+  if (!format.enable)
+    return;
+  MTLVertexAttributeDescriptor* attr_desc = [[desc attributes] objectAtIndexedSubscript:attribute];
+  [attr_desc setFormat:ConvertFormat(format.type, format.components, format.integer)];
+  [attr_desc setOffset:format.offset];
+  [attr_desc setBufferIndex:0];
+}
+
+template <size_t N>
+static void SetAttributes(MTLVertexDescriptor* desc, u32 attribute,
+                          const AttributeFormat (&format)[N])
+{
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    SetAttribute(desc, attribute + i, format[i]);
+}
+
+Metal::VertexFormat::VertexFormat(const PortableVertexDeclaration& vtx_decl)
+    : NativeVertexFormat(vtx_decl), m_desc(MRCTransfer([MTLVertexDescriptor new]))
+{
+  [[[m_desc layouts] objectAtIndexedSubscript:0] setStride:vtx_decl.stride];
+  SetAttribute(m_desc, SHADER_POSITION_ATTRIB, vtx_decl.position);
+  SetAttributes(m_desc, SHADER_NORMAL_ATTRIB, vtx_decl.normals);
+  SetAttributes(m_desc, SHADER_COLOR0_ATTRIB, vtx_decl.colors);
+  SetAttributes(m_desc, SHADER_TEXTURE0_ATTRIB, vtx_decl.texcoords);
+  SetAttribute(m_desc, SHADER_POSMTX_ATTRIB, vtx_decl.posmtx);
+}